HBM shortages drive up chip prices: Is the memory supercycle continuing?
Risk Disclosure: The following is an objective analysis of market trends and industry logic and does not constitute investment advice. Memory chips belong to a highly cyclical and volatile sector. Stock prices are subject to multiple disruptions from contract prices, long-term agreements, AI capital expenditures, and macroeconomic interest rates, presenting extremely high risk.
I. Fundamental Differences Between the Two Targets
1. SanDisk shturl.ð¡
Scheduled to spin off from Western Digital and list independently in February 2025, it is the only pure-play NAND flash memory stock in the US market, with no DRAM business. 60% of its revenue comes from enterprise SSDs for AI data centers, and 30% from consumer flash memory. It jointly operates factories with Kioxia to secure 3D-NAND production capacity and is deeply integrated with North American cloud providers such as AWS and Microsoft.
2. SK Hynix SKHY.US (ADR)
Listed as an ADR on Nasdaq in July 2026, its primary focus is DRAM and HBM, with NAND as a secondary business. As the world's second-largest DRAM manufacturer and a core supplier of HBM, its HBM order book extends to 2027. Additionally, it acquired Intel's NAND business to strengthen its flash memory segment. With dual trading via Korean domestic shares and US ADRs, its stock price exhibits greater volatility linked to the Korean stock market.
II. Recent Market Trends
SanDisk SNDK
- Historical High: $2,354 (late June); currently around $1,573, representing a pullback of approximately 33% from the peak.
- August Market Performance: In early August, prices briefly dipped to around 1,200 before rapidly rebounding to 1,786; on August 18, there was a sharp single-day drop of 8%, followed by further declines during intraday trading on August 19. Pre-market trading saw a rebound alongside the memory sector, leading to intense intraday volatility. Turnover rates frequently exceeded 10%, indicating intense capital speculation.
- Fundamentals: Financial results hit record highs, but next quarter's revenue guidance slightly missed consensus estimates, triggering the current correction. Long-term supply agreements lock in a revenue floor but also limit upside elasticity. Market concerns over a slowing pace of price increasesâshifting from "surge" to "moderate growth"âhave compressed valuations.
SK Hynix SKHYð
- Historical High: $194.8; currently trading in the $155â$160 range, representing a drawdown of nearly 21% from the peak. The domestic Korean stock has seen a drawdown of nearly 49% from its high, indicating greater volatility.
- Closed down sharply by 9.2% on August 18; surged over 6% in pre-market trading on August 19 following a major share buyback announcement. The company announced a KRW 40 trillion buyback with all shares to be cancelled, and committed to returning more than 50% of free cash flow to shareholders. This is a clear market-supportive move that boosted short-term sentiment.
- Drivers: HBM capacity is fully utilized, but the month-over-month price increase for standard DRAM has narrowed significantly. The Chairman publicly stated that the largest memory supply gap will occur in 2027, but the market is more focused on short-term quarterly contract price changes.
III. Core Industry Background (Determining the Major Direction for Both Stocks)
This cycle in memory chips is not driven by a traditional recovery in consumer electronics, but by a structural cycle where AI computing power siphons off production capacity:
1. Manufacturers have shifted significant capacity to high-margin HBM and advanced NAND, leading to a passive contraction in the supply of mature DDR and standard NAND, which has driven up spot and contract prices.
2. However, the pace of price increases has changed: DRAM prices rose over 60% quarter-over-quarter in Q2, but institutions forecast only a 13â18% increase in Q3, with NAND price hikes also slowing significantly. The market is not punishing "no price increases," but rather the sharp decline in the rate of price growth and the marginal slowdown in earnings growth. This represents a "valuation compression due to expectations" typical of cyclical stocks, not a fundamental collapse.
3. Institutional Divergence:
- Bulls: AI capital expenditure continues to rise, the supply gap will widen by 2027, and the supercycle will extend into 2028;
- Bears: The most lucrative phase of price-hike dividends has passed; long-term contracts with fixed prices have eliminated windfall profits. Once cloud providers slow down their capital expenditure, earnings will decline rapidly.
4. Comparative View on Two Stocks
SanDisk (SNDK) (Pure NAND)
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Advantages
1. A rare pure-play NAND stock in the US market. Demand for enterprise SSDs from AI inference servers remains strong, long-term contracts with cloud providers provide a floor for revenue, cash flow is robust, and debt levels are low.
2. Post-spinoff valuation is no longer dragged down by HDD businesses; enterprise SSDs are a essential sector for AI hot data.
â ïž Risks
1. The pace of NAND price increases is slowing, leading to a decline in quarter-over-quarter earnings growth; the market may devalue cyclical stocks.
2. All earnings are tied to the flash memory cycle, lacking high-growth businesses like HBM.
3. The stock exhibits extremely high volatility, with weekly swings of ±20%, making it suitable only for traders who can withstand significant drawdowns.
Positioning: A play on the NAND cycle, capitalizing on the rising volume and prices of enterprise SSDs. While its explosive potential is lower than that of HBM, its business outlook offers relatively greater certainty.
SK Hynix (SKHY) (DRAM + HBM + NAND)
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Advantages
1. As a core leader in HBM, it is the most critical asset in this AI memory cycle, with a robust long-term order book for HBM. It also possesses a complete product matrix covering DRAM and NAND, offering the highest elasticity.
2. Recent large-scale share buybacks and cancellations, combined with high cash return ratios, have improved shareholder returns and alleviated market concerns regarding excessive capital expenditure.
â ïž Risks
1. The DRAM business accounts for a high proportion of revenue; however, price increases for standard DRAM have slowed significantly, leading to a marginal deceleration in earnings growth.
2. Its ADR is linked to the Korean stock market, creating dual volatility due to theå å effect of equity market fluctuations and KRW exchange rate disturbances.3. Although HBM orders are full, the market has begun to price in the expectation that HBM premiums will contract as new production capacity comes online in the future.
Positioning: The leader in AI memory elasticity. Upside potential is driven by HBM, while downside pressure stems from the standard DRAM cycle. Although there are numerous positive catalysts, the magnitude of drawdowns is also greater.
V. Summary of Trading Perspectives
1. Current Phase: The memory sector has transitioned from a phase of indiscriminate surging to one of structural volatility. It is no longer following a unilateral trend; both bullish and bearish news are prone to amplification, with market movements being heavily driven by news flow.
2. Brief Comparison:
- For those seeking to trade HBM exposure and maximize elasticity, look to SK Hynix (SKHY). However, it exhibits higher volatility and is influenced by the South Korean market.
- For those bullish on AI server flash storage and wishing to avoid DRAM uncertainty, choose SanDisk (SNDK). However, it lacks the explosive growth potential associated with HBM.
3. Key Indicators to Monitor Continuously: Quarterly contract prices for DRAM/NAND, capital expenditure guidance from cloud service providers, HBM delivery progress, and earnings guidance for the next quarter from various companies.
4. Important Reminder: Cyclical stocks are at high valuations. Even if fundamentals remain sound, stock prices may experience significant corrections if price increases fall short of expectations. Position management is therefore critical.
$SanDisk (SNDK.US)$$SK hynix (SKHY.US)$Risk Disclaimer: The above content only represents the author's view. It does not represent any position or investment advice of Futu. Futu makes no representation or warranty.Read more
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